IONM SERVICES

IONM MODALITIES

SSEP Monitoring

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) are used in neuromonitoring to assess the function of a patient's spinal cord (dorsal columns) during surgery. They are recorded by stimulating peripheral nerves and recorded at the patient's scalp.
Somatosensory evoked potentials may also be used during surgeries which place other sensory structures at risk. 
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TceMEP Monitoring

Transcranial electric Motor Evoked Potentials (TceMEPs) are used in neuromonitoring to assess the function of a patient's spinal cord (ventral columns) during surgery. They are recorded by stimulating the scalp, typically with an electrical stimulus. 

Motor evoked potientals can be recorded from the spinal cord, peripheral nerve, or muscles.
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Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP)

Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) is a test that is commonly used during brainstem surgeries in which Cranial Nerve 8 (CN VIII) is at risk. Electrodes are placed on the patient's scalp and earlobes and auditory stimuli, such as clicking noises and tones, are delivered to the intra-aural canals of the ears during surgery.
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Electroencephalography (EEG)

The most common use of scalp EEG for intraoperative monitoring is during carotid endarterectomy. EEG changes are reliable guides to acute changes in cerebral blood flow that occur, for example, during carotid cross-clamping. These usually are seen within 30 seconds and indicate a need for shunting. Embolization during or after the procedure also can manifest as lateralized or localized EEG changes. Other uses of scalp EEG include during aneurysm repair when carotid clamping is required and during hypothermic circulatory arrest for cardiac surgery.
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Electromyography (EMG)

Electromyography (EMG) is an electroneurodiagnostic technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. Electromyography (EMG) also is used extensively during operative cases. Spontaneous EMG (sEMG) provides real-time feedback to the surgeon whenever a motor nerve is activated or irritated.

Triggered EMG (tEMG) is recorded in response to direct electrical stimulation of nerves or other tissue within the surgical site.
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